We first present the general characteristics of shift work. The purpose of the present article therefore was to synthesize the available evidence regarding shift work from clinical and organizational perspectives. Although data remain scant, from an organizational perspective, reducing the costs associated with shift work has the potential to realize significant financial gain. However, efforts to reduce the burden of shift work in the workplace remain in their infancy. Recent scientific discoveries have advanced understanding of individual differences in tolerance to shift work and expanded treatment options for individuals with SWD. Furthermore, at the societal level, SWD is associated with dramatically increased accident risk and thus financial costs borne by employers and the public. These individuals experience significant negative health consequences and diminished quality of life as a result of shift work. A subset of shift workers develops shift work disorder (SWD), a condition that is triggered by circadian misalignment and which results in insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness. As a result, in many nations, approximately one in five working adults works a nontraditional shift outside “regular” 9:00 am to 5:00 pm hours. ![]() Throughout the industrialized world, 24-h operations are necessary for public safety and health and are frequently economically advantageous.
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